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Paper III
Coalition Politics in India
Coalition politics in India refers to the practice of political parties forming alliances or coalitions to gain a majority in the parliament or state legislatures. India has a multi-party system with a diverse range of political parties representing different regions, castes, religions, and ideologies. Following a general election , parties may come together to establish a coalition administration if there is a hung parliament in which no party has a absolute working majority.
Coalition politics gained prominence in India in the early 1990s when the Congress party, which had been ruling the country for several decades, lost its majority in the parliament. This led to the formation of a coalition government led by the Janata Dal party. Since then, coalition governments have become a common phenomenon in Indian politics.
The coalition governments in India are formed through pre-poll alliances or post-poll negotiations. In pre-poll alliances, political parties form a coalition before the elections and contest the polls as a united front. In post-poll negotiations, political parties negotiate with each other after the elections to form a coalition government.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Coalition governments in India
Coalition politics allow for greater representation of diverse regional and ideological interests. They also promote consensus-building and cooperation between different parties.
On the other hand, coalition governments can be unstable and prone to frequent changes due to differences between the coalition partners. They can also be vulnerable to blackmail and horse-trading by smaller parties.
Coalition politics in India has also led to the emergence of regional parties, which play a crucial role in national politics. These parties represent the interests of specific regions and communities and often hold the balance of power in coalition governments.
In conclusion, coalition politics has become an integral part of Indian politics, with diverse political parties forming alliances to gain power at the national and state levels. While coalition governments have their advantages, they also face several challenges, including instability and frequent changes. As India continues to evolve politically, coalition politics is likely to remain a crucial feature of its political landscape.
Short Question and Answer
1. Frst qualition govermnment at India at anational Level ?
India's first-ever coalition government was formed at the national level under the Prime Ministership of Morarji Desai, which was also the first non-Congress national government, which existed from 24 March 1977 to 15 July 1979, headed by the Janata Party.
2. Give some exaample of Coalition Govermnet at National level in India.
The National Front in 1989, the United Front in 1996 and 1997, the NDA in 1997, the BJP-led coalition in 1998, the NDA in 1999, the UPA in 2004 and 2009 are some examples of coalition governments.
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