Directive Principles of State Policy

Directive Principles of State Policy(DPSP) have been discussed within Part IV , Article 36-51. These policies have directed the state and union government to take  steps to improve the socio -economic and financial status of the people of India. This features were borrowed from Irish Constitution.

The Directive principles are grouped under 

• DPSP-Sociliastic principles 
• DSPP-Gandhian Principle
• DPSP-liberal Intellectual Principles
• New DPSPs

DPSP – Socialistic Principles
Article 38	Promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order through justice—social, economic and political—and to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities
Article 39	Secure citizens: Right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens Equitable distribution of material resources of the community for the common good Prevention of concentration of wealth and means of production Equal pay for equal work for men and women Preservation of the health and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse Opportunities for the healthy development of children
Article 39A	Promote equal justice and free legal aid to the poor
Article 41	In cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, secure citizens: right to work Right to education Right to public assistance,
Article 42	Make provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Article 43	Secure a living wage, a decent standard of living and social and cultural opportunities for all workers
Article 43A	Take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries
Article 47	Raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health

DPSP – Gandhian Principles
Article 40	Organise village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government
Article 43	Promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operation basis in rural areas
Article 43B	Promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies
Article 46	Promote the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections of the society and to protect them from social injustice and exploitation
Article 47	Prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health
Article 48	Prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle and to improve their breeds

DPSP – Liberal-Intellectual Principles
Article 44	Secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country
Article 45	Provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years
Article 48	Organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines
Article 49	Protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance
Article 50	Separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State
Article 51	Promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration

42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added four new Directive Principles in the list:

S.No	Article	New DPSPs
1	Article 39	To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children
2	Article 39A	To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor
3	Article 43A	To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries
4	Article 48A	To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife

Criticism
These policies are not justiciable. Courts cannot compell the Govt. to carry out them. In other words, citizens were not given rights to file suit in judiciary to compell the governnment to implement these principles. Ahgain , it is fact that some of these directives require huge fund for implementation while other require bold initiatives from government side. 



Sourc:
1. https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/Part4.pdf
2. https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/directive-principles-of-state-policy/